Memory is an integral part of language comprehension. A firm grasp of language processing therefore calls for an understanding of general theories of memory and the data they are built upon, including data that has historically motivated the fractionation of memory along various lines (time, modality, task, etc). These proposed fractionations have, in turn, affected how linguists conceive and discuss memory retrieval during language processing. The purpose of this course is to revisit the arguments for these claims and the extent to which memory during online language processing overlaps qualitatively with memory in different cognitive contexts and timescales. In order to do so, we will consider results from studies of language comprehension and standard list-based memory tasks to see how they might inform each other, as well as computational models of memory. A number of intriguing parallels arise when looking at results from each of these domains, even though the time-scales can differ vastly. Contemporary arguments are also considered that leave open the possibility that memory for language recruits domain-specific resources.